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Electroforming: hollow forms by electrolysis

· 1 min read · Techniques

Illustration: Electroforming: hollow forms by electrolysis

In electroforming, a layer of metal (usually copper) is grown over a model in an electrolytic bath. The model is then removed, leaving a hollow, lightweight piece.

Steps of the technique: Prepare the model, Make it conductive, Immerse, Deposit, Dissolve the core, Finish
Summary of the steps

How it is done #

  1. A model (wax, resin, leaves, objects) is prepared and coated with conductive lacquer.
  2. It is immersed in a bath with copper ions and connected to the current.
  3. The metal deposits and grows.
  4. The model is removed (melting the wax) and the piece is finished.

Advantages #

It allows large, light pieces that would be very heavy in solid metal, and copying details such as leaves or flowers.

Finish #

It can be gilded, silvered or patinated at the end.

Safety #

It involves acids and electric current: use gloves, glasses and ventilation.

Step by step #

  1. Prepare the model. Make the form in wax, resin or another material.
  2. Make it conductive. Paint with conductive lacquer.
  3. Immerse. Connect to the copper or silver bath.
  4. Deposit. Let the metal grow for hours or days.
  5. Dissolve the core. Melt the wax or dissolve the model.
  6. Finish. Polish and, if wanted, gild.

Tools and materials #

  • Tank and rectifier
  • Copper, silver or gold bath
  • Conductive lacquer
  • Gloves, glasses and ventilation

Common mistakes #

  • Incomplete conductive layer: areas with no metal.
  • Current too high: rough deposit.
  • Dirty bath.
  • Taking the piece out too early.

See also #

This entry was drafted with the help of AI and is pending review by the author.