# Enamel

> Vitreous enamel is powdered glass fused onto metal at high temperature; it gives intense, lasting colors in techniques such as cloisonné.

- Source: https://www.711grados.com/en/enamel/
- Language: en
- Note: This entry was drafted with the help of AI and is pending review by the author.
- Published: 2026-09-30
- Updated: 2026-09-30
- Translation (es): https://www.711grados.com/es/esmalte/
- Author: Sandra Sánchez
- Site: 711 Grados (https://www.711grados.com/)

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Vitreous enamel is finely ground glass applied to a metal base and fused in a kiln at around 750-850 °C. The result is a glossy, hard layer with intense colors that do not fade, used for centuries in jewelry and metalwork.

## Properties

- **Composition:** powdered glass with metal oxides that give the color.
- **Base:** copper, silver, gold and other metals that withstand the firing temperature.
- **Temperature:** around 750-850 °C in a kiln or with a torch.
- **Techniques:** cloisonné, champlevé, basse-taille, plique-à-jour and painted enamel.
- **Durability:** hard and glossy, but it can chip with a hard knock.

## Uses in jewelry

- Enameled rings, brooches and pendants.
- Art jewelry with painted motifs.
- More affordable enameled copper pieces.
- Color details in gold and silver jewelry.

## Pros and cons

### Advantages

- Intense colors that do not fade.
- Very resistant to light and water.
- Art-jewelry look.

### Limitations

- It can chip if struck.
- It is a slow process that needs a kiln.
- Cold enamel (resin) is different and less durable.

## Care and cleaning

- Avoid knocks.
- Clean with lukewarm water, mild soap and a soft cloth.
- Do not use ultrasonic cleaners or abrasives.

> [!NOTE]
> Do not confuse vitreous enamel with “cold enamel”, a resin that imitates its look, is cheaper and is less durable.

## See also

- [Copper](https://www.711grados.com/en/copper/)
- [Gold](https://www.711grados.com/en/gold/)
- [Glass and crystal](https://www.711grados.com/en/glass-and-crystal/)